Omental lipoma in pediatric age group: clinical presentation, image findings and management

ABSTRACT A 2-year-old female patient, admitted in the emergency room, presented diarrhea for 5 days and bloody stools in the last 24 hours. Physical examination revealed no significant findings. Ultrasound was initially performed, showing an elongated, well delimited and solid mass occupying since right hypocondrium until left iliac fossa, displacing adjacent structures. In sequence, magnetic resonance imaging was performed for confirmation of findings suggestive of omentum lipoma. After 1 week, the surgical resection was performed by videolaparoscopic acess. During 2-year follow-up, there was no sign of recurrence.

Redução de hérnia escrotal com protusão de omento em um cão / Reducing escrotal hernia with oment protusion in dog

Hérnia é uma protrusão de vísceras através de um orifício adquirido, tendo como constituintes o anel, conteúdo e saco herniário. As hérnias escrotais ocorrem quando, por algum defeito no anel inguinal, alguma víscera se desloca por ele, chegando até a bolsa escrotal. Sua etiologia não é completamenteelucidada, sendo a elevação da pressão intra-abdominal um dos prováveis desencadeadores. Em caninos, essa é uma condição rara e os poucos relatos citam em animais jovens. Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de uma hérnia escrotal unilateral esquerda com protrusão de omento maior em um cão da raça Dachshund com 14 anos de idade e com 12,1 kg de peso corporal. Para a redução do conteúdo à cavidade abdominal, foi necessária a realização de incisão na região inguinal cranial, abertura do saco herniário e a orquiectomia. Destaca-se a importância do tratamento cirúrgico da hérnia escrotal, bem como a inclusão dessa afecção no diagnóstico diferencial para afecções testiculares de cães adultos ou idosos.

Hernia is a protrusion of viscera through an acquired orifice, having as constituents the ring, contents and hernial sac. Scrotal hernias occur when, due to a defect in the inguinal ring, some viscera travel through it, reaching the scrotum. Its etiology is not completely elucidated, and the increase in intra-abdominal pressure is one of the probable triggers. In canines, this is a rare condition and the few reports mention it in young animals. The objective was to describe the occurrence of a left unilateral scrotal hernia with protrusion of the greater omentum in a 14-year-old Dachshund dog weighing 12.1 kg of body weight. To reduce the content of the abdominal cavity, it was necessary to make an incision in the cranial inguinal region, open the hernial sac and orchiectomy. The importance of surgical treatment of scrotal hernia is highlighted, as well as the inclusion of this condition in the differential diagnosis for testicular disorders of adult or elderly dogs.

Redução de hérnia escrotal com protusão de omento em um cão / Reducing escrotal hernia with oment protusion in dog

Hérnia é uma protrusão de vísceras através de um orifício adquirido, tendo como constituintes o anel, conteúdo e saco herniário. As hérnias escrotais ocorrem quando, por algum defeito no anel inguinal, alguma víscera se desloca por ele, chegando até a bolsa escrotal. Sua etiologia não é completamenteelucidada, sendo a elevação da pressão intra-abdominal um dos prováveis desencadeadores. Em caninos, essa é uma condição rara e os poucos relatos citam em animais jovens. Objetivou-se descrever a ocorrência de uma hérnia escrotal unilateral esquerda com protrusão de omento maior em um cão da raça Dachshund com 14 anos de idade e com 12,1 kg de peso corporal. Para a redução do conteúdo à cavidade abdominal, foi necessária a realização de incisão na região inguinal cranial, abertura do saco herniário e a orquiectomia. Destaca-se a importância do tratamento cirúrgico da hérnia escrotal, bem como a inclusão dessa afecção no diagnóstico diferencial para afecções testiculares de cães adultos ou idosos.

Hernia is a protrusion of viscera through an acquired orifice, having as constituents the ring, contents and hernial sac. Scrotal hernias occur when, due to a defect in the inguinal ring, some viscera travel through it, reaching the scrotum. Its etiology is not completely elucidated, and the increase in intra-abdominal pressure is one of the probable triggers. In canines, this is a rare condition and the few reports mention it in young animals. The objective was to describe the occurrence of a left unilateral scrotal hernia with protrusion of the greater omentum in a 14-year-old Dachshund dog weighing 12.1 kg of body weight. To reduce the content of the abdominal cavity, it was necessary to make an incision in the cranial inguinal region, open the hernial sac and orchiectomy. The importance of surgical treatment of scrotal hernia is highlighted, as well as the inclusion of this condition in the differential diagnosis for testicular disorders of adult or elderly dogs.

Tratamiento del infarto segmentario idiopático de epiplón mayor en el adulto mediante omentectomía laparoscópica / Treatment of idiopathic segmental infarction of the greater omentum by laparoscopic omentectomy / Tratamento do infarto segmentar idiopático do grande omento no adulto mediante omentectomia laparoscópica

Resumen: Introducción: el infarto segmentario idiopático de epiplón mayor es una excepcional causa de cuadro agudo de abdomen en el adulto. Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de un adulto joven que se operó de urgencia con diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda y el abordo por vía laparoscópica, comprobándose en la exploración un infarto segmentario de epiplón mayor que se resolvió mediante la omentectomía parcial con buena evolución y alta precoz. Discusión: si bien el diagnóstico imagenológico de infarto de epiplón mayor es posible dada su baja incidencia y las características de presentación clínica, su diagnóstico habitualmente es intraoperatorio. Su tratamiento es la omentectomía laparoscópica del sector afectado. Con diagnóstico preoperatorio, puede admitirse una conducta expectante, aunque la persistencia de la sintomatología es causa de reingreso y prolongación del tratamiento definitivo.

Summary: Introduction: idiopathic segmental infarction of the greater omentum constitutes an exceptional cause of an acute condition in adults. Clinical case: study presents the clinical case of a young adult who underwent an emergency laparoscopic appendectomy for the treamtent of acute apenditicis. The exploration revealed a segmental infarction of the greater omentum that was resolved by partial omentectomy. Evolution was good and the patient was allowed an early discharge. Discussion: despite the fact an image diagnosis of infarction of the greater omentum is possible, its low incidence and the characteristics of its clinical presentation result in it usually being diagnosed during surgery. Treatment consists in laparoscopic omentenctomy of the affected area. Preoperative diagnosis may allow for watchful waiting, although persistence of symptoms requires readmission to hospital and extension of the definitive treatment.

Resumo: Introdução: o infarto segmentar idiopático do grande omento é uma causa excepcional de quadro agudo de abdômen no adulto. Caso clínico: apresenta-se um caso clínico de um adulto jovem operado de urgência por via laparoscópica com diagnóstico de apendicite aguda comprovando-se na exploração um infarto segmentar de grande omento solucionado por uma omentectomia parcial com boa evolução e alta precoce. Discussão: embora o diagnóstico por técnicas de imagem de infarto do grande omento seja possível, seu diagnóstico habitualmente es intraoperatório devido à sua baja incidência e as características da apresentação clínica. O tratamento é a omentectomia laparoscópica do segmento afetado. Com diagnóstico pré-operatório, pode-se admitir uma conduta expectante, embora a persistência de sintomatologia é causa de re-internação e prolongamento do tratamento definitivo.

Reconstrução de extenso defeito da parede torácica anterior pós-mediastinite com retalho de omento: relato de caso / Reconstruction of an extensive anterior chest wall defect after mediastinitis with an omentum flap: a case report

Apresentamos o caso de um paciente de 70 anos de idade que evoluiu com extenso defeito cutâneo em parede torácica anterior após ter sido submetido a revascularização do miocárdio e mediastinite pós-operatória. Pela impossibilidade de utilização de retalhos cutâneos e musculares da região, fizemos a reconstrução com a rotação de retalho de omento baseado na artéria gastroepiploica esquerda e enxerto de pele em malha.

We report the case of a 70-year-old patient who developed an extensive skin defect in the anterior chest wall after undergoing myocardial revascularization and postoperative mediastinitis. Owing to the impossibility of using cutaneous and muscular flaps on the region, we performed the reconstruction with an omentum flap based on the left gastroepiploic artery and meshed skin graft.

Eficacia de sutura y epiploplastia con tratamiento médico posterior en la úlcera perforada / Epiploplasty and Suture Efficiency Using Further Medical Treatment in Perforated Ulcer

Introducción: la sutura y epiploplastia de la úlcera perforada con tratamiento médico posterior para erradicar el Helicobacter pylori, ha disminuido la recurrencia de la úlcera péptica, lo cual renueva el interés en este proceder ante las técnicas definitivas. Objetivos: determinar la eficacia a mediano plazo de este proceder en pacientes operados de úlcera péptica perforada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico en el Hospital Universitario "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" de Camagüey, desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2013. El estudio estuvo conformado por los pacientes operados de úlcera perforada con más de un año de evolución (45 casos). Los datos obtenidos se procesaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows versión 15.0, con técnica estadística de comparación de la prueba de hipótesis de proporciones en una computadora Pentium IV. Resultados: el sexo más afectado fue el masculino y predominó en la cuarta y quinta décadas de la vida. La localización más frecuente de la perforación fue duodenal y la mayoría, menores de 1 cm. Las complicaciones posoperatorias más frecuentes fueron las infecciones respiratorias. El tabaquismo y la ingestión de café fueron los factores de riesgo actuales más frecuentes. La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron tratamiento médico completo en el posoperatorio, con buenos resultados de acuerdo a la clasificación de Visick y en la endoscopia realizada, donde solo una paciente presentó enfermedad ulcerosa. Conclusiones: se comprobó que la sutura y epiploplastia de la úlcera perforada con tratamiento médico posterior completo es eficaz a mediano plazo(AU)

Introduction: suture and epiploplasty of perforated ulcer using further medical treatment for helicobacter pylori eradication has decreased recurrence of peptic ulcer, renewing interest in this proceeding in contrast to final techniques. Objective: determine the medium term efficacy of this procedure in patients undergoing surgery for perforated peptic ulcer. Methods: an observational study was conducted at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey, from January 2010 to December 2013. The study consisted of patients operated on for perforated ulcer over a year (45 cases). The obtained data were processed using SPSS for Windows version 15.0, with statistical technique of comparing the proportions hypothesis test on a Pentium IV computer. Results: the most affected patients were male aging forty and fifty. The most frequent location was duodenal perforation and most of them less than 1 cm. The most frequent postoperative complications were respiratory infections. Smoking habits and coffee intake were the most common risk factors. Most patients received full medical treatment in the postoperative period, with good results according to Visick classification and the endoscopy, where only one patient had ulcer disease. Conclusions: suture and perforated ulcer epiploplasty with subsequent full medical treatment, definitively, cure patients(AU)

Management of full-length complete ureteral avulsion

ABSTRACT Introduction Complete ureteral avulsion is one of the most serious complications of ureteroscopy. The aim of this report was to look for a good solution to full-length complete ureteral avulsion. Case presentation A 40-year-old man underwent ureteroscopic management. Full-length complete avulsion of ureter occurred during ureteroscopy. Pyeloureterostomy plus greater omentum investment outside the avulsed ureter and ureterovesical anastomosis were performed 6 hours after ureteral avulsion. The patient was followed-up during 34 months. Double-J tube was removed at 3 months after operation. Twenty three months after the first operation, the patient developed hydronephrosis because of a new ureter upside stone, then rigid ureteroscopy and holmium laser lithotripsy were used successfully. Conclusion Pyeloureterostomy plus greater omentum investment outside the avulsed ureter and ureterovesical anastomosis may be a good choice for full-length complete ureteral avulsion.

Retalho de omento maior no tratamento da mediastinite pós-operatória do lactente / Greater omentum flap in the treatment of infant postoperative mediastinitis

INTRODUÇÃO: A mediastinite pós-operatória é uma condição grave, com altas taxas de mortalidade. O retalho de omento maior é usado com êxito no tratamento de mediastinites pós-operatórias decorrentes de cirurgia cardíaca. O uso dessa abordagem não foi relatado em lactentes, provavelmente porque nessa idade o omento maior é membranáceo, pouco volumoso e possui tecido adiposo escasso. MÉTODOS: Entre julho de 2010 e agosto de 2014, foram tratados quatro lactentes com mediastinite pós-operatória decorrentes de cirurgia cardíaca, realizada por esternotomia. O tratamento cirúrgico consistiu em remoção dos fios de aço da osteossíntese esternal, desbridamento e lavagem do mediastino, seguidos da transposição de todo o omento maior para a cavidade mediastinal. O tratamento cirúrgico foi feito em um só tempo. Não foi feita nova síntese do esterno com fios de aço. RESULTADOS: Os quatro pacientes sobreviveram ao tratamento e obtiveram alta da unidade de tratamento intensivo sem infecção. CONCLUSÕES: Embora membranáceo e apresentando pequeno volume, o retalho de omento maior se mostrou um excelente método de abordagem da mediastinite pós-operatória do lactente.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative mediastinitis is a serious condition that presents high mortality rates. The greater omentum flap has been used with good results in postoperative mediastinitis after cardiac surgery. The use of this approach has not been reported in infants probably because at this age, the greater omentum is membranous, not bulky, and has little amount of fatty tissue. METHOD: Between July 2010 and August 2014, four infants who presented with mediastinitis after a cardiac surgery via sternotomy were treated. The surgical treatment consisted of steel wire removal, debridement, and wound washing, followed by transposition of the entire greater omentum to the mediastinal cavity. Surgical treatment was performed in a single step. No rewiring of the sternum was performed. RESULTS: All four patients survived the treatment and were discharged from the intensive care unit without infection. CONCLUSIONS: Although membranous and not bulky, the use of a greater omentum flap proved to be an excellent approach in infant postoperative mediastinitis.

Study of the clinical and histopathological repercussions of the "omental band" in dogs' stomach

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the "omental band" as a bariatric surgical technique. METHODS: A sample of 35 dogs was studied. The Test Group was composed by 20 dogs. Of these, six were observed by 10 days, six were observed by 20 days and eight were observed by 30 days of post-operatory. The Control Group was composed by 15 dogs. Of these, five were observed by 10 days, five were observed by 20 days and five were observed by 30 days of post-operatory. The weight loose was the variable utilized to the evaluation of the efficacy of the surgical technique described in this study, once all of the dogs were weighted in precision balance before the surgical act and at the end of the post-operatory observation period. RESULTS: At the end of the study it was observed that the weight loose of the dogs submitted to the "omental band's" surgical technique was meaningfully higher in comparison with the dogs of the Control Group at the end of the post-operatory observation period. CONCLUSION: The surgical technique of the "omental band" showed effective in dogs, once has proposed a meaningfully weight loose. .

Torsión secundaiia del omento mayor: una causa poco frecuente de dolor en herniia inguinal complicada / Secondary torsion of the greater omentum, an unusual cause of complicated inguinal hernia

Introducción: La torsión del omento mayor en el interior de un orificio herniario es una entidad muy infrecuente como complicación de una hernia. Caso clínico: Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 43 años que acude a Urgencias por cuadro de dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha (FID). El estudio mediante tomo-grafía computarizada muestra un patrón "en remolino" en la grasa mesentérica que se introduce en el orificio inguinal derecho, sugerente de hernia complicada secundaria a torsión de omento mayor. Los hallazgos quirúrgicos y anatomopatológicos confirman el diagnóstico. La torsión de omento mayor es una causa poco frecuente de complicación de hernia inguinal.

Background: Secondary torsion of the greater omentum due to a complicated hernia is uncommon. Case report: We report a 43 years old male presented to the emergency room for pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. An abdominal CT scan showed that mesenteric fat was herniating through the right inguinal orifice with a whirling pattern, suggesting a complicated hernia secondary to torsion of the greater omentum. The patient was operated and the preoperative diagnosis was confirmed.

Retalho autólogo de grande omento como estrutura cirúrgica de reparo extraperitoneal. Estudo experimental comparativo, pareado e controlado de suas propriedades adaptativas / The autologous greater omental flap as a structure for extraperitoneal surgical repair: a comparative, paired, and controlled experimental study of its adaptive properties

Introdução: O grande omento vem sendo utilizado como estrutura de reparo desde o século XIX e a partir do século XX tem sido descrito, em meio extraperitoneal, para o tratamento de diversas afecções em várias especialidades cirúrgicas. Apesar de amplamente estudado a partir da década de 1960, não há descrição de estudos comparativos sobre o seu retalho em meio extra peritoneal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as características adaptativas do grande omento em meio extra peritoneal para identificar a real aplicabilidade cirúrgica desta estrutura. Métodos: Estudo experimental comparativo, pareado e controlado de 20 amostras teciduais de ratos (Rattus norvegicus) fêmeas obesas, irmãs da linhagem Sprague- Dawley. De cada animal foram analisados e comparados, macroscopicamente e microscopicamente, através das técnicas de Hematoxilina-eosina (HE) amostras de: (1) omento sem manipulação, (2) omento manipulado intraperitoneal, (3) omento manipulado extraperitoneal e (4) tecido adiposo subcutâneo. Resultados: omento extraperitoneal, macroscopicamente, apresentou uma coloração amarelado mais intenso, semelhante à gordura subcutânea adjacente, com alto grau de contração se comparado ao omento intraperitoneal de controle. Pela técnica de HE, foi identificado alto grau de fibrose e tamanho médio dos adipócitos semelhante ao omento de controle e inferior ao do subcutâneo (p<0,001). Conclusão: O omento extraperitoneal não se mostra capaz de promover regeneração tecidual, uma vez que não foi observado metaplasia à histologia do retalho translocado. Entretanto, pode servir para a correção de pequenas deformidades, para o tratamento de áreas isquêmicas, como estrutura carreadora para a reconstrução cirúrgica e como plataforma germinadora para o desenvolvimento de novos órgãos.

Introduction: The greater omentum was initially used in the repair of gastrointestinal defects in the 19th century; during the 20th century, it has been used extraperitoneally in the treatment of various disorders, in several surgical specialties. Despite the fact that the greater omentum was studies in detail in the 1960s, there are no reported comparative studies concerning the use of omental flaps extraperitoneally. The present study analyzed the adaptive features of the greater omentum in the extraperitoneal space, with the aim of identifying its surgical applicability. Methods: A paired, controlled comparative study was conducted using 20 tissue samples from 5 obese female Sprague-Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus). The following specimens from each animal were analyzed and compared, macroscopically and microscopically, using the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) technique: (1) omentum without manipulation; (2) intraperitoneally manipulated omentum; (3) extraperitoneally manipulated omentum; and (4) subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results: Macroscopically, the extraperitoneal omentum exhibited a more intense yellowish color and a higher degree of contraction than the control (intraperitoneal) omentum. The extraperitoneal omentum was similar in color to the adjacent subcutaneous adipose tissue. HE staining revealed a high degree of fibrosis and an average adipocyte size, similar to that in the control omentum, but lower than that in subcutaneous adipose tissue (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the extraperitoneal omentum was not able to promote tissue regeneration, as metaplasia of the translocated flap was not observed in the histological analysis. However, this structure may be used to correct small deformities, in the treatment of ischemic areas, as a carrier structure for surgical reconstruction and as a germination platform for the development of new organs.

Transplante de epiplón para la enfermedad de Parkinson: Reporte de 3 casos / Omentum tranplant for Parkinson´s disease: Report of 3 cases

Introducción: Desde 1990, hemos postulado que la causa primaria de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es de origen isquémico iniciado en el tegmento mesencefálico. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, casi todos los investigadores consideran que la etiología es desconocida. Objetivo: Demostrar que la EP puede ser mejorada por medio de un transplante de epiplón. Material y Método: Presentamos 3 pacientes con EP avanzado. A través de una craneotomía temporal localizamos la bifurcación carotídea y el espacio perforado anterior (EPA). Aquí encontramos:1) aterosclerosis en las carótidas supraclinoideas, 2) ausencia de la arteria coroidea anterior o de la comunicante posterior, 3) varias arterias perforantes anteriores y posteriores exsangües y 4) aterosclerosis en la bifurcación basilar. El epiplón fue colocado sobre el EPA y fosa interpeduncular. Resultados: La mejoría neurológica fue observada después del tercer día y evidente en las primeras semanas del postoperatorio. Actualmente, 10 y 23 meses después de la cirugía, dos pacientes requieren medicación antiparkinsoniana a dosis reducidas y además, reciben aspirina y clonazepan. Todos los pacientes realizan actividades cotidianas sin asistencia familiar. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que la EP es causada por isquemia progresiva en el territorio de las arterias perforantes posteriores; porque, en contraste a esto, su revascularización por medio del omento produjo mejoría neurológica. Así mismo, creemos que el uso regular de aspirina y clonazepan puede ayudar a esta enfermedad.

Introduction: Since 1990, we have postulated that the primary cause of Parkinson´s disease (PD) is of ischemic origin initiated in the mesencephalic tegmentum. However, up to date, almost all researchers consider that the etiology is unknown. Objetive.To demonstrates that PD can be improved by means of omental transplantation. Material and Method: We present 3 patients with advanced PD. Through a temporal craniotomy we located the carotid bifurcation and anterior perforated space (APS). Here we found: 1) atherosclerosis at the supraclinoid carotids; 2) absence of anterior choroidal or posterior communicating arteries; 3) several exsanguine anterior and posterior perforating arteries,and 4) atherosclerosis at the basilar bifurcation. The omentum was placed on the APS and interpeduncular fossa. Results: Neurological improvement was observed after the third day and evident in the first weeks postoperatively. At present, 10 and 23 months after surgery, two patients require incomplete antiparkinsonian medication and besides, they receive aspirin and clonazepan. All of them carry out daily activity without assistance familiar. Conclusions: Our results indicate that PD is caused by progressive ischemia in the intraparenchymal territory of the posterior perforating arteries; because, in contrast to this, its revascularization by means of omentum produced neurological improvement .Likewise we believe that the regular use of aspirin and clonazepan may help to this disease.

Verificação da viabilidade do transplante autógeno de testículo no omento e na parede abdominal em ratos / Verification of the feasibility of autogenous testis implant in omentum and abdominal wall in mice

OBJETIVO: verificar a viabilidade do transplante autógeno de testículos na parede abdominal e omento, em ratos, sem anastomose vascular, analisando a estrutura histológica das células testiculares após o implante. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar, machos, de 10-12 semanas de idade, distribuídos em três grupos: grupo controle: 20 ratos sem orquiectomia, com operação simulada; grupo 2: 20 ratos com orquiectomia bilateral sendo um testículo implantado no omento maior; grupo 3: 20 ratos com orquiectomia bilateral, sendo um testículo implantado na parede abdominal. Após dois meses eles foram mortos e os testículos avaliados pelo exame anatomopatológico. RESULTADO: o peso dos implantes teve perda de 0,62g no grupo 2, de 0,73g no grupo 3 e no grupo controle houve aumento de 0,1g. Ao estudo anatomopatológico, no grupo controle a estrutura testicular foi preservada; no grupo 2 encontrou-se 80% de inflamação e necrose, não foram visualizadas células de Sertoli ou de Leydig, em dois animais encontraram-se túbulos seminíferos; no grupo 3 encontrou-se 75% de inflamação e 60% de necrose, somente em um conseguiu-se visualizar células de Sertoli e em três células de Leydig. CONCLUSÃO: não é viável o transplante autógeno de testículo sem anastomose vascular em ratos no omento maior e na parede abdominal.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of autologous transplantation of testes to the abdominal wall and omentum of rats without vascular anastomosis, analyzing the histological structure of the testicular cells after implantation. METHODS: We used 60 male Wistar rats, 10-12 weeks of age, which were divided into three groups: control group: 20 rats without orchiectomy with sham operation; group 2: 20 rats undergoing bilateral orchiectomy, with one of the testicles being implanted into the greater omentum; and group 3: 20 rats submitted to bilateral orchiectomy, with one testicle implanted in the abdominal wall. After two months they were euthanized and the testes evaluated by histopathology. RESULTS: the weight of the implants had a loss of 0.62 g in group 2, 0.73 g in group 3, whilst in the control group testes increased by 0.1 g. In pathological studies, the testicular structure was preserved in the control group; in group 2 there was 80% of inflammation and necrosis, Sertoli and Leydig cells were not visualized, and seminiferous tubules were found in two animals; in group 3 we found 75% of inflammation and a 60% necrosis, Sertoli cells could be visualized in only one specimen, while Leydig cells were seen in three. CONCLUSION: autologous transplantation of testis to the greater omentum and abdominal wall without vascular anastomosis is not viable in rats.

Torsión omental como causa de abdomen agudo pediátrico / Omental torsion a rare cause of acute abdomen in children

INTRODUCCIÓN: La torsión omental constituye una causa infrecuente de dolor abdominal del niño, con una frecuencia relativa estimada de un caso por cada 200 cirugías realizadas por sospecha de apendicitis. Se sugiere que la incidencia de esta patología estaría en aumento paralelo a la obesidad infantil, y al mayor conocimiento diagnóstico con imagenología. PRESENTACIÓN DE CASOS: Cinco pacientes fueron tratados en el Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna con diagnóstico postoperatorio de torsión o infarto omental entre enero de 2006 y enero de 2011.Todos se presentaron con dolor abdominal agudo en el cuadrante inferior derecho acompañado de otros síntomas fuertemente sugerentes de una apendicitis aguda. En ninguno de los 5 casos se obtuvo diagnóstico imagenológico de urgencias, por lo que recibieron manejo exclusivamente quirúrgico (omentectomía con o sin apendicectomía, vía minilaparotomía o laparoscopía), con resultados satisfactorios. El estudio histopatológico demostró congestión, hemorragia y/o necrosis omental, e inflamación periférica apendicular. DISCUSIÓN: Con un mayor acceso a imágenes y conocimiento de esta patología por el equipo médico, se hace posible realizar el diagnóstico de forma preoperatoria, lo que es decisivo para posibilitar diferentes alternativas terapéuticas y puede evitar la cirugía restringiéndola a casos seleccionados.

INTRODUCTION: Omental torsion is a rare cause of abdominal pain in children, with an estimated incidence of one for every 200 appendectomies performed. A rise in that number has been projected, parallel to a higher prevalence of childhood obesity and a higher accuracy in diagnostic imaging. CASE REPORT: Five patients had a postoperative diagnosis of omental torsion in Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna between January of 2006 and January 2011. All of them started an acute abdominal pain in right iliac fossa and general symptoms that resembled acute appendicitis. None of them had a correct diagnosis by emergency imaging; thereby a surgical resolution – open or laparoscopic omentectomy with or without appendectomy - was indicated with good outcomes. Histopathological study showed congestion, hemorrhage and/or omental necrosis, and periappendicular inflammation. DISCUSSION: With more readily available imaging studies and a higher index of suspicion, a preoperative diagnosis of omental torsion could be achieved, potentially avoiding unnecessary surgery.

A morphometric study of the intestinal mucosa of rats submitted to omentoenteropexy / Estudo morfométrico da mucosa intestinal de ratos submetidos a omentoenteropexia

CONTEXT: The omentoenteropexy technique was developed as an alternative method for intestinal neovascularization, due to the angiogenic properties of factors from the omentum. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated changes in intestinal villi heights and crypts depths due to surgical techniques: seromiotomy with and without omentoenteropexy. METHOD: Thirty rats were operated on, after being divided into three groups, namely GI, GII and GIII with 10 rats each. In the GI rats were submitted to omentoenteropexy; rats in GII were submitted only to a seromiotomy, and in the GIII only laparotomy. Sixty days after the first surgery, the animals were sacrificed and a segment of intestine was removed for histology using Masson's trichrome technique and morphometric study of intestinal mucosa. RESULTS: The histological findings showed that seromiotomy with or without omentoenteropexy increased the length of intestinal villi when compared with GIII (only laparotomy) (analysis of variance: P = 0.0068; GI 38.88 ± 4.17; GII 39.41± 6.33; GIII 31.85 ± 5.56; GI = GII P>0.05; GII>GIII P<0.05; GI>GIII P<0.001). CONCLUSION: No differences were demonstrated in relation to crypt depths between the groups (P = 0.60). Ongoing studies are being set forth by our group to add more data on the role of omentopexy as a tool to promote neovascularization and intestinal mucosal growth.

CONTEXTO: a omentoenteropexia foi desenvolvida como técnica alternativa para a neovascularização intestinal, devido às propriedades angiogênicas de fatores provenientes do omento. OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações nas alturas vilositárias e profundidades de cripta na mucosa intestinal de ratos submetidos a seromiotomia com e sem omentopexia. MÉTODOS: Trinta ratos foram operados após serem divididos em três grupos com 10 animais cada um. No grupo I (GI) os ratos foram submetidos seromiotomia seguida por omentoenteropexia; no grupo II (GII) foi realizada apenas a seromiotomia, e no grupo III (GIII) apenas a laparotomia. após 60 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e seus intestinos examinados histologicamente, corados pelo tricrômio de Masson, sendo realizado também estudo morfométrico da mucosa intestinal. RESULTADOS: O estudo mostrou que a altura vilositária é maior nos grupos submetidos a seromiotomia, com ou sem omentopexia, do que no grupo em que se realizou laparotomia apenas, porém entre os dois primeiros grupos não houve diferença significante (análise de variância: P = 0,0068; GI 38,88 ± 4,17; GII 39,41 ± 6,33; GIII 31,85 ± 5,56; GI = GII P>0,05; GII>GIII P<0,05; GI>GIII P<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Não foram demonstradas diferenças quanto às profundidades de criptas entre os grupos (P = 0,60). Novos estudos estão sendo realizados por este grupo para acrescentar mais dados sobre o papel da omentopexia como forma de promover neovascularização e crescimento da mucosa intestinal.

Evisceración omental transanal posterior a lesión de recto / Omental evisceration through a rectal perforation: case report

Rectal perforation rarely occurs spontaneously. We report a 44 years old male consulting for abdominal pain lasting 12 hours. Abdominal muscular resistance was observed on physical examination. A plain abdominal X ray film showed a pneumoperitoneum. The patient was operated finding a perforation in the lower rectum, with omentum sliding through it and exiting through the anus. The omentum was sectioned and ligated and a derivative colostomy was performed. The cause of the rectal perforation was not ascertained.

La perforación de recto se produce como resultado de una complicación bajo condiciones patológicas que comprometen la pared rectal. Rara vez ocurre espontáneamente. En casi todos los casos reportados de lesión rectal asociada a evisceración intestinal, el intestino delgado es el órgano involucrado. Las técnicas de reparación son variables, desde una rafia primaria en lesiones poco extensas, hasta resección de segmento lesionado y colostomía para los casos más graves. La decisión de la técnica a utilizar dependerá de la extensión y otras características de la lesión, del compromiso de estructuras vecinas, del tiempo de evolución y del grado de contaminación. El cirujano general debe estar preparado para el manejo de estas lesiones ya que son de resolución en los servicios de urgencias. Presentamos un caso, poco frecuente, de evisceración del epiplón mayor, transanal, posterior a lesión rectal de dudosa etiología.

Comparative Study of Complete and Partial Omentectomy in Radical Subtotal Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer

PURPOSE: Curative surgery for patients with advanced or even early gastric cancer can be defined as resection of the stomach and dissection of the first and second level lymph nodes, including the greater omentum. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long- term outcomes of partial omentectomy (PO) as compared with complete omentectomy (CO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen consecutive open distal gastrectomies with POs were initially performed between February and July in 2006. The patients' clinicopathologic data and post-operative outcomes were retrospectively compared with 20 patients who underwent open distal gastrectomies with COs for early gastric cancer in 2005. RESULTS: The operation time in PO group was significantly shorter than that in CO group (142.4 minutes vs. 165.0 minutes, p=0.018). The serum albumin concentration on the first post-operative day in PO group was significantly higher than CO group (3.8 g/dL vs. 3.5 g/dL, p=0.018). Three postoperative minor complications were successfully managed with conservative treatment. Median follow-up period between PO and CO was 38.1 and 37.7 months. All patients were alive without recurrence until December 30, 2009. CONCLUSION: PO during open radical distal gastrectomy can be considered a more useful procedure than CO for treating early gastric cancer. To document the long-term technical and oncologic safety of this procedure, a large-scale prospective randomized trial will be needed.